An interesting question in cardiometabolic risk management posits the possibility of a gender difference in the responsiveness of weight loss to exercise. A meta-analysis of 53 research studies on this topic concluded that men generally respond more favorably than women to the effects of exercise on weight loss (Atkin 2000). One possible explanation involves the gender difference in body fat distribution.
Fat distributed in the upper body and abdominal regions (central fat) shows active lipolysis to sympathetic nervous system stimulation and becomes preferentially mobilized for energy during exercise (Atkin 2000;Wahrenberg 1991). Consequently, the greater upper-body fat distribution in men may contribute to a greater sensitivity to lose fat in the abdominal region with regular exercise.
Women also may more effectively preserve energy balance with increased physical activity (Donnelly 2005;Dunn 1999; Westerterp 1998).
Men often reduce energy intake with exercise training, whereas the depression of food intake with exercise may be less for women.One of the most comprehensive discussions on this topic, including references above) can be reviewed in McArdle, Katch, and Katch's Exercise Physiology: 7th Edition (Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins 2010) which is the consumate authoritative text on applied exercise science.
