Spring 2015
The disparity in treatment effects between men and women has long been established. In some cases, these differences are quite large. While researchers once relied on the assumption that treatment effects in women would be similar to those in men, the historical lack of inclusion of women in... more
Cardiovascular disease affects one in three adult males and accounts for 25 percent of their mortality, making it the leading cause of death for men in the U.S.1,2 Clinical androgen deficiency, characterized by low testosterone levels with manifest symptoms, affects a large number of middle-aged... more
It is well known that women are not protected from cardiovascular events but experience event rates at older ages equivalent to men after a 10-year lag time. The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study showed similar findings regarding atherosclerosis, with 25- to 34-... more


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